Updates May 2009
- 5/30/09 - Going Green: We all have to go, but
there are a lot of us: People out thinking out of the traditional
coffin and ways that won’t harm our environment. This might seem
preposterous and heretical to a fundamental right of us all to be
buried with dignity, but with 6.5 billion of us wanting our own
space—forever—is going to get crowded and its unsustainable. Better
that we think ahead and get some new ideas on traditional burying
methods: Here’s one:
Dirt: Dying Green in NY on Vimeo "Natural Burial
is a rising trend within the green movement. Already quite popular
abroad and in California, Natural Burial is fast making its way to
the east coast. "Dying Green" isn't just for hippies anymore.
Motivated not only by ecological concerns, but also economic and
emotional ones, "Dirt" explores the ideas behind green burial
itself, its availability in NYS, and a host of the quirky
movers-and-shakers behind the cause."
- 5/29/09 Energy a moral issue: As we turn on our
lights, run our air conditioners, and charge our gadgets we do so
mostly by burning coal. Coal pollutes and adds dramatically to
manmade global warming. So, when we decide not to conserve
electricity or not to allow a renewable energy source near our home,
we condemn many to the hazards of mountain top removal. That wind
turbine won’t be in our backyard, but that blasted mountain top
which tailing will pollute that wants and disfigure the lands will
be in somebody else’s backyard. Morally, though, we all live in the
coal fields because we use the power of coal and won’t allow a
better power source to run our lives. -
"We All
Live in the Coal Fields": West Virginians Step Up Protests as EPA
OKs New Mountaintop Removal At least thirty people were
arrested in West Virginia Saturday as protesters marked a new phase
of Operation Appalachian Spring, a campaign to end mountaintop
removal mining. The protests came just a week after the Obama
administration gave the green light for forty-two more mountaintop
removal permits in a major victory for the coal industry. We speak
to journalist Jeff Biggers, author of the book United States of
Appalachia: How Southern Mountaineers Brought Independence, Culture
and Enlightenment to America. Biggers says mountaintop removal is a
national issue, not a local one, as many perceive." (May 29, 09)
Democracy Now! | Radio and TV
News
- 5/29/09 - This kind of analysis, checking to see what
new chemicals we produce are having what effect on our health
provided by the federal government, is what our government should be
doing. We cannot rely, as we usually do, on industries to
self-monitor their pollution and certainly we cannot depend on them
to proactively seek out the possible repercussions of their new
chemicals on our health and environment. In this country, as opposed
to other countries, the burden of proof of the toxicity of
industrial chemicals is on those whose complain, not on those who
produce them. So, having our government ramping up their studies on
the relationship between manmade chemicals and their health
ramifications is right on.
ToxCast™
Program | National Center for Computational Toxicology | US EPA
In 2007, EPA launched ToxCast™ in order to develop a cost-effective
approach for prioritizing the toxicity testing of large numbers of
chemicals in a short period of time. Using data from
state-of-the-art high throughput screening (HTS) bioassays developed
in the pharmaceutical industry, ToxCast™ is building computational
models to forecast the potential human toxicity of chemicals. These
hazard predictions will provide EPA regulatory programs with
science-based information helpful in prioritizing chemicals for more
detailed toxicological evaluations, and lead to more efficient use
of animal testing. --from
National Center for
Computational Toxicology | US EPA
- 5/29/09 - Might want to think twice or three times about
drilling for natural gas in our state. Some communities have not
fared so well Check out this regional environmental issue from
investigative reporters who have done their homework
Officials in Three States Pin Water Woes on Gas Drilling
- ProPublica "But a string of documented cases of gas escaping
into drinking water -- not just in Pennsylvania but across North
America -- is raising new concerns about the hidden costs of this
economic tide and strengthening arguments across the country that
drilling can put drinking water at risk. " (April 26, 09)
ProPublica - Journalism in the
Public Interest
- 5/28/09 - Now we’re talking Green Jobs: What we
have been waiting for, since the stimulus package, was a way for the
common folk to find out about and get green jobs. Now, our
government is making that happen. We may or may not like the
options, but we do have the right to know what kinds of jobs are
becoming available as a result of our bailout monies. And, now that
we have the facts, we can pressure our government to see that we get
these jobs and make better jobs available.
New York State Department
of Labor - |
GOV SITE - GOVERNOR PATERSON REQUIRES NEW STIMULUS JOBS TO
BE POSTED ON PUBLIC WEBSITE Site Will Make New Jobs
More Accessible to New Yorkers Governor’s Request Furthers
Transparency in Stimulus Spending Governor David A. Paterson today
announced that every firm that the State hires with American
Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funds is required to post any
jobs created by these funds to the New York State Job Bank, which
can be accessed at
www.labor.ny.gov.
- 5/27/09 - Get that Green Job: Often, I get
request for webmasters and business like recycling business to list
their green business on my site, but I am usually reluctant to
because I cannot vet them. Meaning, I cannot determine whether or
not this or that company is environmentally friendly from "cradle to
cradle" recycling systems to what the effects are of their product
on our environment. With that said, I do help promote sites that do
vet green businesses and databases for environmentally friendly
information, practices, etc. Here’s a new site that is an excellent
example of a business that help people find green jobs and does the
heavy lifting for bringing people and green jobs together. I
suspect we are going to see lots of these kinds of websites emerge
and it will be a good thing:
Green Collar
Jobs Board - SustainLane "What is SustainLane.com?
SustainLane.com is the web's largest people-powered guide to
sustainable living. The hub of SustainLane Media's offerings,
SustainLane.com is filled with personal accounts of how-tos, news,
and local business and product reviews for sustainable living. The
site connects interested consumers with the tools and information on
everything related to green, including: The largest directory of
local, green-friendly businesses in the United States with over
20,000 small business listings; Consumer-generated how-tos, news and
product reviews of new green offerings in the marketplace; and A
community of likeminded individuals willing to share information and
personal experiences with each other. "
- 5/27/09 - See Climate Change: If you’re from Missouri,
you probably want us to ‘show you’ the effects of climate change,
instead of listing article after article. Because of the
nature of large-scale, long-term changes inherit in climate change
this proved a challenge for the public who didn’t own their own
intergalactic satellite. Well, now you can borrow NASA’s satellites
and watch them watch our planet’s ice move, water levels rise, and
storms move. So, before leveling an opinion about whether we can
witness climate change happening, check this amazingly assessable
data from NASA and see for yourself—even if you just from New York.
Climate Change:
NASA's Eyes on the Earth "Eyes on the Earth –
Earth-orbiting spacecraft and instruments developed my NASA’s Jet
Propulsion Laboratory currently study all aspects of our planet –
oceans, land, atmosphere, biosphere and cyrosphere. They provide
critical data about the rate and extent of global climate change."
- 5/22/09 - If high-speed rail runs through the Rochester
area, our transportation modes would change dramatically. Find out
more about this issue and make comment to the government:
FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION : PASSENGER RAIL"President
Obama proposes to help address the nation's transportation
challenges by launching a new and efficient high-speed passenger
rail network in 100-600 mile
corridors that connect communities across America. The
Strategic Plan outlines the President’s vision that would
transform the nation’s transportation system by rebuilding existing
rail infrastructure while developing a comprehensive high-speed
intercity passenger rail network through a long-term commitment at
both the federal and state levels. This plan draws from the
successful highway and aviation development models with a 21st
century solution that focuses on clean, energy-efficient rail
transportation. "
- 5/22/09 - In many ways colleges are leading the way in
environmental practices. RochesterEnvironment.com acknowledges the
great contributions in environmental education that can be put into
real models of sustainability via our colleges and universities.
Our local educational institutions host many programs and are
conduits for teaching our community about how to treat our
environment:
RIT Green "The
Institute recognizes that the sustainable choices made by faculty,
staff, and students will resonate for generations throughout the
Upstate New York area and beyond. Those that work and study at RIT
also live and raise families in the area. By making the campus more
environmentally friendly and by engaging in and learning more about
sustainable practices, the RIT community is improving the
cleanliness of the greater environment in real and measurable ways.
By doing so, we can take steps now to ensure that the Rochester area
and the greater world in which we live continue to be safe and
healthy well into the future."
- 5/22/09- Know your power and where it's going:
Official Google Blog: Power to the people
"Imagine how hard it would be to stick to a budget in a store with
no prices. Well, that's pretty much how we buy electricity today.
Your utility company sends you a bill at the end of the month with
very few details. Most people don't know how much electricity their
appliances use, where in the house they are wasting electricity, or
how much the bill might go up during different seasons. But in a
world where everyone had a detailed understanding of their home
energy use, we could find all sorts of ways to save energy and lower
electricity bills. In fact,
studies show that access to home energy information results in
savings between 5-15% on monthly electricity bills. It may not sound
like much, but if half of America's households cut their energy
demand by 10 percent, it would be the equivalent of taking eight
million cars off the road. "
- 5/21/09 - I’m passing on this interesting proposal: Clean
Water, Clean Air and Green Jobs Bond Act. For those of us [the
public] who helped the banks who almost failed save our bailout
monies, now it’s time for us to consider a bill that would protect
our environment and help create green jobs. So, on the face of it,
this bill seems especially timely: the proposed
Clean Water, Clean Air and Green Jobs Bond Act
- A writer suggests: "The $5 Billion Clean Water, Clean Air & Green
Jobs Bond Act of 2009 as it is proposed would vastly expand
opportunities for conservation beyond state and federally funded
programs and initiatives. Voter-approved bond proceeds would be
utilized for state environmental projects that protect our water,
land and air and create jobs. Funding created through this
initiative would make long-term improvements to our environmental
infrastructure and natural resources, energy efficiency, transit,
building weatherization, public health protection and economic
development. The Bond Act would build upon the federal stimulus and
provide a significant investment to further New York’s economic
recovery through environmentally friendly capital investments. It
was our intent in the development of this proposal to have the
largest economic benefit as possible and in areas where their were
natural fits - seek to elevate some of the burdens put on local
municipalities - such as wastewater and drinking water
infrastructure, energy efficiency program, brownfields cleanup and
environmental remediation program funding, as well as traditional
conservation efforts like the protection of open space, habitat
restoration and parks. As you will see from the attached draft
case statement, there are areas that could have a significant
benefit regions across the state - including the Rochester area."
Here's more
Working Daft NYS 2009 Environmental Bond Case Statement |
ASSEMBLY STANDING COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION NOTICE OF
PUBLIC HEARING
- 5/21/09 - Sure our sun warms our planet, keeps it from
flinging itself out to the wide universe with its gravitation
disparity with Earth, and keeps life alive—but is that it? Not
quite. Seems like you can do a lot more with the sun: The
Solar Cooking Archive
- 5/20/09 - I'm a little late in announcing this but here
it is: MAY is National Bike Month: The League of American
Bicyclists (www.bikeleague.org)
is promoting Bike-to-Work Week May 11 - 15 and Bike-to-Work Day on
Friday, May 15. Check the events section of this site often to see
what bike month and bike to work week events are going on in your
community. To relieve stress, start your own event and submit your
information to be posted on the site to:
communication@bikeleague.org. Please make sure you write, "Bike
Month Event" in the subject line of the email.
- 5/20/09 -As the talk continues on the creation of green
jobs using federal stimulus monies (our tax bucks), we continue to
monitor and drill through these articles to find that Rochester-area
green job with will get you and me employed and our environment
sustainable. HUD
Information Related to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of
2009 The Recovery Act includes $13.61 billion for projects and
programs administered by the Department of Housing and Urban
Development, nearly 75 percent of which was allocated to state and
local recipients on February 25, 2009 – only eight days after
President Obama signed the Act into law. Recovery Act investments in
HUD programs will be not just swift, but also effective: they will
generate tens of thousands of jobs, modernize homes to make them
energy efficient, and help the families and communities hardest hit
by the economic crisis. The remaining 25 percent of funds will be
awarded via competition in the coming months. Additional guidance on
the implementation of all funds will be routinely provided on this
website.
- 5/18/09 - Advanced environmentalism:
Understanding that everything you do, as a member of a species that
dominates this planet with 6.5 billion souls who must eat and craves
stuff, and realizing that everything you purchase has repercussions
on our environment, means your one step closer to the mindset that
may keep our species sustainable. The next step perhaps is
beginning to chose wisely based on a wide breath of information you
would need to know to achieve truly green living. To that end, we
come across this interesting site that measures a products impact:
GoodGuide | Ratings of Natural,
Green and Healthy Products "GoodGuide provides the world's
largest and most reliable source of information on the health,
environmental, and social impacts of the products in your home.
- 5/18/09 - Best not to pollute in the first place.
The cleanup efforts, so long in the courts and the goop so long at
the bottom of the Hudson River, are a close-by example of the
externalities associated with getting pollution removed from our
environment. There’s the question of whether it is safer for the
public and the environment to leave the stuff alone rather than
trying to remove it. And, a zillion other issues once we pollute.
GE Begins Hudson River Cleanup : NPR One of the biggest
environmental cleanups in U.S. history got under way Friday. (May
15, 09) NPR : National Public Radio :
News & Analysis, World, US, Music & Arts |
Hudson River PCBs | Region 2 |
US EPA "From approximately 1947 to 1977, the General Electric
Company (GE) discharged as much as 1.3 million pounds of
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from its capacitor manufacturing
plants at the Hudson Falls and Fort Edward facilities into the
Hudson River."
- 5/12/09 - Will it ever get cleaned up? Sadly, it
is not hard to believe that the clean-up of the Hudson River due to
PCB pollution is still choked by delays. Here’s how these big
pollution events seem to go. A corporation for one reason or
another pollutes a body of water. Maybe it was an accident, maybe it
was OK to pollute years ago, whatever, there’s always an excuse.
Then, there has to be a sufficient cry of outrage to get our waters
cleaned up, or it just doesn’t get to the court’s radar. Then, it
goes to court and really smart people in law (but not very bright on
our environment) wrangle over the merits of the case. And, maybe
once in a great while the people win and the waters have to be
cleaned up. But, sometimes the company has gone bankrupt. Then,
there are delays. There are delays because no one is ever satisfied
that the courts have made them clean up their mess. Then, once is a
very great while the case will go through all the appeals, all the
nigglings at the law, everything—but there still will be delays. The
poison’s sit because removing the poisons is complicated, expensive,
and disruptive to people's lives. In a way this all sounds sensible
as this is the way corporations and our laws work—you just have to
wait for the wheel of the law to turn wherever they are going to
turn. Trouble is Nature and the laws of physics are not so
democratic. If you put a lot of poisons in the water, stuff happens.
Check this out:
Barrier drops to PCB dredge -- Page 1 -- Times Union - Albany NY
ALBANY — Saratoga County officials have dropped part of a lawsuit
seeking to halt the Hudson River PCB dredging project in a dispute
with the federal government over a safe supply of outside drinking
water from Troy. (May 9, 09)
Albany NY News - Times Union - Serving Albany, Saratoga,
Schenectady, Troy
- 5/09/09 - One of the most notorious
Brownfields, Environmental history was made nearby at Love
Canal. Now you can view an expertly constructed web site that
documents the tragedy with photos and records.
Love Canal Collections - University at Buffalo Libraries
"A new online resource on the Love Canal Collections in the
University Archives is now available online. This resource includes
links to the Love Canal collections finding aids, an image gallery,
a clipping database, and an introduction to the history and
background of the events that occurred at Love Canal. The basic
portion of the Collection provides: Background information about the
country's most notorious and infamous hazardous waste site. A
chronological history of the Love Canal A glossary of definitions
for the Love Canal Love Canal Collections includes special records
and collections: ETF Records Ecumenical Task Force Records -- MS 65
-- includes scanned documents from the ETF collection Revitalization
Agency Records Love Canal Area Revitalization Agency Records -- MS
74 Repository Grant Records Love Canal Repository Grant Records --
MS 89 Adeline Levine Research Materials Adeline Levine Love Canal
Research Materials (part I) -- 22/3F/634 Adeline Levine Love Canal
Research Materials (part II) -- 22/3F/1113 Additional Collections" -
Frederick W. Stoss, M.S. (zool/ecol), M.L.S. Associate Librarian
(Biological and Environmental Sciences and Mathematics) 228-B Capen
Hall Science and Engineering Library Arts & Sciences Libraries
University Libraries University at Buffalo--SUNY Buffalo, NY
14260-1672
- 5/08/09 - Greening our way into the future: If you
think you have seen it all in green technology, you probably haven’t.
See what the guys and gals have been up to a M.I.T. Watch this
seven-minute video on what a bike a computer and a wireless connection
can do in a city to go green:
Green Wheel - Smart Mobility
and Ubiquitous Computing "The MIT Mobile Experience Lab and Smart
Cities Group worked together to envision future scenarios describing
design opportunities related to topics that deal with social navigation,
distributed data sensing, healthcare, bike sharing racks optimization,
peer-to-peer freight, urban races and civic engagement. Smart Cities has
developed the Green Wheel electric bicycle motor, an innovative in-wheel
regenerative electric motor that can be adapted to any sort of bicycle."
- 5/07/09 - From our friends down state,
Birds - Cornell Lab of
Ornithology world experts on bird and bird watching
(how better to monitor our environment than to monitor birds, here’s a
great chance for Environmental Education:
Inside Birding, Learn how to better identify birds, All About Birds,
Cornell Lab of Ornithology "As Chris Wood and Jessie Barry, members
of the Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Team Sapsucker, get ready for the
World Series of Birding in New Jersey this Saturday—you can share in
their birding tips, techniques, and tools on the new "Inside
Birding" video series. Join Jessie and Chris in the field as they as
they explain how to use the "four keys" to identification--size and
shape, color pattern, behavior, and habitat--to reveal critical clues to
a bird's identity. The videos include breathtaking footage of birds from
the Cornell Lab's Macaulay Library and advice that's fun and easy to
adopt.
Watch now."
- 5/07/09 - As I come across these online events, I’m going to post
opportunities for Environmental Education. Here’s one
from National Wildlife Federation "As
a scientist, I know that global warming is one of the most serious
problems facing our planet. As a mother, I worry about what that means
for my sons' futures. My name is Amanda Staudt and I’m the National
Wildlife Federation's Chief Climate Scientist. I hope you’ll
join
me on May 12 at 2 pm EST to learn about the latest findings on
climate change and what we can to do to make sure our children and
grandchildren inherit a healthy and thriving natural world:. --National
Wildlife Federation:
- 5/07/09 - Volunteer work this summer that helps our
environment (will look good on your resume also):
The Nature Conservancy in New York - Volunteer in New York "The
Nature Conservancy was built on the dedication of volunteers. Today we
still rely on their support. Our trustees volunteer their time and more.
And across the region, volunteers help us build bridges, create trails,
monitor properties, count turtles, remove invasive species, stuff
envelopes, organize files, lead hikes and much more."
The Nature Conservancy -
Protecting Nature, Preserving Life
- 5/07/09 - Green Jobs for the common folks? Lots of the
federal stimulus money coming to our state. How much is going to green
jobs to make our environment more sustainable? The figures are
coming in and it’s clear, our government seems inordinately fond of
highways. “The stimulus legislation delivers substantial support for
infrastructure projects. At the national level, this includes $48
billion in funding for transportation capital projects ($8.4 billion for
mass transit, $27.5 billion for highways and bridges, $9.3 billion for
rail, $1.3 billion for airport improvement projects; $1.5 billion for
discretionary surface transportation projects). Of this total, New York
is expected to receive at least $1.25 billion for the mass transit and
$1.1 billion for highways and bridges. The Economic Recovery and
Reinvestment Cabinet will be working with State agencies and local
governments to aggressively seek funding from other sources of
transportation funding. The legislation also includes $16.8 billion
for energy efficiency and renewable energy projects and technologies,
including research and development. New York will receive $126 million
through the State Energy Program and $31 million in alternative energy
block grants. It provides $4.5 billion for energy research and
development projects nationwide, including $2.0 billion for energy
storage technologies, which could provide funding for the Governor’s
proposed battery storage consortium. New York State is also projected
to receive $435 million from the Clean Water State Revolving Fund; $85
million from the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund; and $404 million
to help weatherize the homes of low-income individual.” --Recovery
and Reinvestment Act
- 5/06/09 - Communities are Greening up: I’m coming
across more and more project to help communities go green-become
environmentally friendly, that is, from the public, to business, to
government. Here’s another great project:
How Green is My Town?
- a project of Grassroots Environmental Education Our two-year quest
for the answer to this question led us on a journey around the virtual
world, and along the way we discovered inspiring people and outstanding
organizations all holding pieces of the puzzle - creative and practical
solutions to some of our most pressing and vexing problems. Their ideas
and programs fill the pages of our web site, and we are deeply grateful
for their efforts. "How Green Is My Town?" is a project of
Grassroots Environmental
Education, a non-profit organization based in Port Washington, New
York. The project was made possible in part by the generous support of
the Rauch Foundation.
- 5/06/09- Sign of the Times: Certainly, it’s a sign
of the times when a major news service decides to devote an entire
section of its news service to Green Business news:
Green Business
News | Reuters.com. Business, industry, corporations, etc. should
have always included our environment in their business practices. In
the future they will be so merged as to be one—this is because they
always have been. It’s just that for a zillion reasons, business have
not treated our environment as anything but an infinite and free
resource or a drain to pour their chemicals down. (Rather than argue
this point, go to RTKNet: The
Right-to-Know Network | rtknet.org: The Right-to-Know Network type
in your city and find out how much toxic waste was released into your
environment by industry since 1982.) So, now business will not only be
cleaning up their act, they will be providing jobs so we the people can
make a living cleaning up the planet and keeping it clean. While this
great change in business and media thinking is to be applauded, so much
devastation to our environment has occurred before we have gotten to
this point.
- 5/06/09 - How environmentally clean is Rochester, NY?
If you find yourself with absolutely nothing else to do with your life,
you might look over this data on toxic releases for Rochester, NY over
the past several years:
ERNS Incidents in New York (1982 - 2007) You do
have the right to know: This information comes from the
RTKNet: The Right-to-Know Network |
rtknet.org: The Right-to-Know Network, which is a branch of the
OMB Watch | Promoting open
government, accountability, and citizen participation since 1983
- 5/05/09 - This request just in: "KidWind is looking for 2
judges for our KidWind Challenge in Buffalo on May 16th, 2009.Judges
would need to be at the Buffalo Museum of Science from 9-3:30on Saturday
May 16th. KidWind is looking for individual with experience with wind
energy at a variety of technical levels. Judges should also be
interested in working with student design projects. Judges will be
evaluating student built turbines based on a variety of factors. Judges
who sign up will receive more information on judging procedures. Michael
Arquin Director, KidWind Anyone who wishes to participate as a judge
should please contact Andy Lueth at:
maxdroid@verizon.net"
- 5/04/09 - Your government or business trying to go Green?
Check out
SEC - State Electronics Challenge "Collectively,
state and local government purchase more than $35 billion worth of
technology equipment annually*, and has the opportunity to provide
leadership in the environmentally sound and cost effective management of
electronic assets. Quick Links/News Newly Posted:
State Electronics Challenge First Year (2008) Accomplishments
2008 Partner Recognition SEC welcomes its 30th Partner: the
City of Middletown,
Connecticut. For the full list of Partners
click here. The State Electronics Challenge (SEC) is a voluntary
program that encourages state, regional, and local governments,
including schools and other public entities, to: Purchase greener
electronic products. Reduce the impacts of electronic products during
use. Manage obsolete electronics in an environmentally safe way."
- 5/04/09 - **EVENT**
- Embracing
Solar Power Seminar: ‘Essential Information about buying a
photovoltaic system and having it installed’. When: May 19, 2009 from
3:00 to 5:00 PM Where: Downtown Rochester at 55 St. Paul Street. Fee:
$10 for UGBN members, $25 for non-members. --from
CEI: Center for Environmental
Information
- 5/02/09 -**ACTION**
-This from the Union of Concerned Scientist:
Rushing to Expand Corn Ethanol is Not Smart Bioenergy
The use of gasoline alternatives, such as ethanol, could play a key role
in reducing pollution from fuels, but scientific findings show that
biofuels can also increase pollution when done wrong. The Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) is developing a comprehensive plan to move
toward biofuels with reduced global warming emissions while protecting
air quality and public health. The ethanol industry, however, does not
want science to interfere with their expansion plans. Producers want
immediate permission to increase the amount of ethanol they can blend
into regular gasoline before government tests are complete to determine
if this could be a public health risk. The EPA opened a public comment
period on this issue through May 16. Please
tell EPA Administrator Lisa Jackson to deny the producers’ premature
request and focus on a comprehensive plan that protects public health
while ensuring biofuels contribute to fueling our clean energy future. -Homepage
| Union of Concerned Scientists
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